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-->Applies to: Windows Server (Semi-Annual Channel), Windows Server 2016
You can use this topic for a brief overview of DHCP in Windows Server 2016.
Note
In addition to this topic, the following DHCP documentation is available.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a client/server protocol that automatically provides an Internet Protocol (IP) host with its IP address and other related configuration information such as the subnet mask and default gateway. RFCs 2131 and 2132 define DHCP as an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard based on Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP), a protocol with which DHCP shares many implementation details. DHCP allows hosts to obtain required TCP/IP configuration information from a DHCP server.
Windows Server 2016 includes DHCP Server, which is an optional networking server role that you can deploy on your network to lease IP addresses and other information to DHCP clients. All Windows-based client operating systems include the DHCP client as part of TCP/IP, and DHCP client is enabled by default.
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Why use DHCP?
Every device on a TCP/IP-based network must have a unique unicast IP address to access the network and its resources. Without DHCP, IP addresses for new computers or computers that are moved from one subnet to another must be configured manually; IP addresses for computers that are removed from the network must be manually reclaimed.
With DHCP, this entire process is automated and managed centrally. The DHCP server maintains a pool of IP addresses and leases an address to any DHCP-enabled client when it starts up on the network. Because the IP addresses are dynamic (leased) rather than static (permanently assigned), addresses no longer in use are automatically returned to the pool for reallocation.
The network administrator establishes DHCP servers that maintain TCP/IP configuration information and provide address configuration to DHCP-enabled clients in the form of a lease offer. The DHCP server stores the configuration information in a database that includes:
- Valid TCP/IP configuration parameters for all clients on the network.
- Valid IP addresses, maintained in a pool for assignment to clients, as well as excluded addresses.
- Reserved IP addresses associated with particular DHCP clients. This allows consistent assignment of a single IP address to a single DHCP client.
- The lease duration, or the length of time for which the IP address can be used before a lease renewal is required.
![Mac Os Dhcp Server App Mac Os Dhcp Server App](/uploads/1/2/6/3/126356943/381317366.jpg)
A DHCP-enabled client, upon accepting a lease offer, receives:
- A valid IP address for the subnet to which it is connecting.
- Requested DHCP options, which are additional parameters that a DHCP server is configured to assign to clients. Some examples of DHCP options are Router (default gateway), DNS Servers, and DNS Domain Name.
Benefits of DHCP
DHCP provides the following benefits.
- Reliable IP address configuration. DHCP minimizes configuration errors caused by manual IP address configuration, such as typographical errors, or address conflicts caused by the assignment of an IP address to more than one computer at the same time.
- Reduced network administration. DHCP includes the following features to reduce network administration:
- Centralized and automated TCP/IP configuration.
- The ability to define TCP/IP configurations from a central location.
- The ability to assign a full range of additional TCP/IP configuration values by means of DHCP options.
- The efficient handling of IP address changes for clients that must be updated frequently, such as those for portable devices that move to different locations on a wireless network.
- The forwarding of initial DHCP messages by using a DHCP relay agent, which eliminates the need for a DHCP server on every subnet.
- dhcp_time_offset (option 2)
- dhcp_router (option 3)
- dhcp_domain_name_server (option 6)
- dhcp_domain_name (option 15)
- dhcp_network_time_protocol_servers (option 42)
- dhcp_nb_over_tcpip_name_server (option 44)
- dhcp_nb__over_tcpip_dgram_dist_server (option 45)
- dhcp_nb_over_tcpip_node_type (option 46)
- dhcp_nb_over_tcpip_scope (option 47)
- dhcp_smtp_server (option 69)
- dhcp_pop3_server (option 70)
- dhcp_nntp_server (option 71)
- dhcp_ldap_url (option 95)
- dhcp_netinfo_server_address (option 112)
- dhcp_netinfo_server_tag (option 113)
- dhcp_url (option 114)
- dhcp_domain_search (option 119)
- dhcp_proxy_auto_discovery_url (option 252)
<string>dhcp_option_120</string>
<data>
192.168.210.7
</data>
In the above, you’d replace the option 120 (SIP) with the option you wish to use. Numbers correspond to options as follows:
1 – Subnet Mask
4 – Time Server
6 – Domain Name Server
8Quote Server
10 – Impress Server
12 – Host Name
14 – Merit Dump File
16 – Swap Server
18 – Extensions Path
20 – WAN Source Routing
22 – Maximum Datagram Reassembly Size
24 – Path MTU Aging Timeout
26 – Interface MTU
Mac Os X Dhcp Server App
28 – Broadcast Address
30 – Mask supplier
32 – Router solicitation address
Os X Dhcp Server
34 – Trailer encapsulation.
36 – Ethernet encapsulation
38 – TCP keep alive interval
40 – Network Information Service Domain
42 – NTP servers
44 – NetBIOS over TCP/IP name server
45 – NetBIOS over TCP/IP Datagram Distribution Server
47 – NetBIOS over TCP/IP Scope
49– X Window System Display Manager
51– IP address lease time
53– DHCP message type
55– Parameter request list
Macos Dhcp Server App
57– Maximum DHCP message size
59– Rebinding time value
61– Client-identifier
63– NetWare over IP information
65– Network Information Service Servers
67– Bootfile name
69– Simple Mail Transport Protocol Server
71– Network News Transport Protocol Server
73– Default Finger Server
77– User Class Information
79– SLP Service Scope
81– Fully Qualified Domain Name
83– Internet Storage Name Service
86– NDS tree name
88– BCMCS Controller Domain Name list
90– Authentication
92– Associated IP
94– Client Network Interface Identifier
97– Client Machine Identifier
100 – IEEE 1003.1 TZ String
112 – NetInfo Parent Server Address
Mac Os Dhcp Server Application
114- URL
117 – Name Service Search
119 – DNS domain search list
121 – Classless Static Route Option
124 – Vendor-Identifying Vendor Class
128 – TFPT Server IP address
130 – Discrimination string
132 – 802.1P VLAN ID
134 – Diffserv Code Point
136 – PANA Authentication Agent
140 – IPv4 Fully Qualified Domain Name MoS
176 – IP Telephone
221 – Virtual Subnet Selection
254 – Private use